NEWS ANALYSIS: Iron ore price surge due to speculation
by Agency Staff,
2016-03-14 05:49:00.0
WITH a huge global steel glut and slowing demand in China, an enormous recent spike in the price of iron ore has left analysts scratching their heads, with some even claiming a flower show might be to blame.
But observers say the extraordinary movements for one of the world’s basic bulk commodities have been fuelled by something far more prosaic — simple speculation.
The spot price for iron ore jumped 20% on the Dalian Commodity Exchange last Monday. It closed at $57.35 per tonne on Friday, up nearly 33% so far this year.
But the vast majority of trades on the exchange do not reflect real-world transactions: the iron-ore futures volume on Wednesday alone represented an underlying 978-million tonnes of the commodity — more than China’s entire imports last year.
"Steel prices are in a crazy phase now. Everyone’s emotions are high and pushing up prices is the norm," Chen Bingkun, an analyst at Minmetals and Jingyi Futures, told AFP. "The price rise is also caused by speculation."
Only part of the real global iron ore trade passes through exchanges such as Dalian or Singapore, the other main hub for derivatives based on the commodity. Instead, the business is dominated by a small group of producers including Anglo-Australian giants Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton, Brazil’s Vale, and Fortescue Metals of Australia.
They all compete to sell to steel makers in China and elsewhere on longer-term contracts, leaving limited liquidity for the spot market, and heightening its volatility.
Chinese analysts and officials have cited a mix of factors driving the speculation that fuelled the price surge, including hopes for higher government spending on infrastructure, after the economy grew at its slowest pace in a quarter of a century last year.
The beginning of warmer weather and the end of the Lunar New Year holiday have restarted construction projects and steel production. Even a coming flower show in the Chinese steel hub of Tangshan has been named as a factor, with local steel companies expected to suspend output to ensure blue skies for the event — which could prompt them to step up production before the halt.
China produces more steel than the rest of the world combined, and in the long term, cuts of up to 150 million tonnes in its capacity in five years could ultimately support steel prices, although their effect on iron ore costs is less clear.
There are signs regulators are taking notice of the market’s newfound popularity with China’s notoriously short-term investors, who have few choices on where to put their money.
A stock market slump has made equities unattractive, while government bond yields are relatively low, strict capital controls limit buying of foreign exchange, and housing prices are expensive. On Monday, the Dalian exchange will raise transaction fees, and hike minimum deposits for trading the contracts. The move aimed to "guard against overheated trading and prevent hidden market risk", it said.
But small investors were not the only actors in the market, Mr Chen said, with producers also seeking to cash in. "Some steel makers, who rarely engage in arbitrage ... started to participate in hedging steel futures because they saw some companies who did it have made money," he said.
Analysts wonder if the price surges are sustainable, with Shanghai Securities analyst Zhu Limin telling AFP their future direction was unclear.
AFP
Iron ore. Picture: REUTERS/DAVID GRAY
WITH a huge global steel glut and slowing demand in China, an enormous recent spike in the price of iron ore has left analysts scratching their heads, with some even claiming a flower show might be to blame.
But observers say the extraordinary movements for one of the world’s basic bulk commodities have been fuelled by something far more prosaic — simple speculation.
The spot price for iron ore jumped 20% on the Dalian Commodity Exchange last Monday. It closed at $57.35 per tonne on Friday, up nearly 33% so far this year.
But the vast majority of trades on the exchange do not reflect real-world transactions: the iron-ore futures volume on Wednesday alone represented an underlying 978-million tonnes of the commodity — more than China’s entire imports last year.
"Steel prices are in a crazy phase now. Everyone’s emotions are high and pushing up prices is the norm," Chen Bingkun, an analyst at Minmetals and Jingyi Futures, told AFP. "The price rise is also caused by speculation."
Only part of the real global iron ore trade passes through exchanges such as Dalian or Singapore, the other main hub for derivatives based on the commodity. Instead, the business is dominated by a small group of producers including Anglo-Australian giants Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton, Brazil’s Vale, and Fortescue Metals of Australia.
They all compete to sell to steel makers in China and elsewhere on longer-term contracts, leaving limited liquidity for the spot market, and heightening its volatility.
Chinese analysts and officials have cited a mix of factors driving the speculation that fuelled the price surge, including hopes for higher government spending on infrastructure, after the economy grew at its slowest pace in a quarter of a century last year.
The beginning of warmer weather and the end of the Lunar New Year holiday have restarted construction projects and steel production. Even a coming flower show in the Chinese steel hub of Tangshan has been named as a factor, with local steel companies expected to suspend output to ensure blue skies for the event — which could prompt them to step up production before the halt.
China produces more steel than the rest of the world combined, and in the long term, cuts of up to 150 million tonnes in its capacity in five years could ultimately support steel prices, although their effect on iron ore costs is less clear.
There are signs regulators are taking notice of the market’s newfound popularity with China’s notoriously short-term investors, who have few choices on where to put their money.
A stock market slump has made equities unattractive, while government bond yields are relatively low, strict capital controls limit buying of foreign exchange, and housing prices are expensive. On Monday, the Dalian exchange will raise transaction fees, and hike minimum deposits for trading the contracts. The move aimed to "guard against overheated trading and prevent hidden market risk", it said.
But small investors were not the only actors in the market, Mr Chen said, with producers also seeking to cash in. "Some steel makers, who rarely engage in arbitrage ... started to participate in hedging steel futures because they saw some companies who did it have made money," he said.
Analysts wonder if the price surges are sustainable, with Shanghai Securities analyst Zhu Limin telling AFP their future direction was unclear.
AFP
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